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Your Location：Home>Product Center >> Pharmaceutical API >> Posaconazole
  • Posaconazole
Name:Posaconazole
CAS No:171228-49-2 

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

【Name】
D-threo-Pentitol,2,5-anhydro-1,3,4-trideoxy-2-C-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[[4-[4-[4-[1-[(1S,2S)-1-ethyl-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]phenoxy]methyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-
【Iupac name】
4-[4-[4-[4-[[(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(1,2,
4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]phenyl]-
2-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxypentan-3-yl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-one
【CAS Registry number】
171228-49-2
【Synonyms】
Noxafil
4-[4-[4-[4-[[(3R,5R)-5-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)oxolan-3-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazin-1-yl]phenyl]-2-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxypentan-3-yl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-one
Sch 56592
【Molecular Formula】
C37H42F2N8O4 (Products with the same molecular formula)
【Molecular Weight】
700.78
【Inchi】
InChI=1/C37H42F2N8O4/c1-3-35(26(2)48)47-36(49)46(25-42-47)31-7-5-29(6-8-31)43-14-16-44(17-15-43)30-9-11-32(12-10-30)50-20-27-19-37(51-21-27,22-45-24-40-23-41-45)33-13-4-28(38)18-34(33)39/h4-13,18,23-27,35,48H,3,14-17,19-22H2,1-2H3/t26-,27?,35-,37-/m0/s1
【Canonical SMILES】
CCC(C(C)O)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OCC5CC(OC5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)F)F
【Isomers smiles】
CC[C@@H]([C@H](C)O)N1C(=O)N(C=N1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)OC
[C@H]5C[C@](OC5)(CN6C=NC=N6)C7=C(C=C(C=C7)F)F
【MOL File】
171228-49-2.mol

Chemical and Physical Properties

【Appearance】
White solid
【Density】
1.36 g/cm3
【Melting Point】
170-1720C
【Boiling Point】
850.7 °C at 760 mmHg
【Vapour】
8.76E-31mmHg at 25°C
【Refractive Index】
1.657
【Flash Point】
468.3 °C
【Solubilities】
In water, 0.027 mg/L at 25 deg C (est)
【Color/Form】
White solid
【Computed Properties】
Molecular Weight:700.777386 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula:C37H42F2N8O4
XLogP3:4.6
H-Bond Donor:1
H-Bond Acceptor:9
Rotatable Bond Count:12
Exact Mass:700.329708
MonoIsotopic Mass:700.329708
Topological Polar Surface Area:112
Heavy Atom Count:51
Formal Charge:0
Complexity:1170
Isotope Atom Count:0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1

Safety and Handling

【Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient】
log Kow = 4.77 at 25 deg C (est)
【Disposal Methods】
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Use and Manufacturing

【Use and Manufacturing】
Methods of Manufacturing

A.K. Saksena et al., World Intellectual Property Organization 95 17407; US 5661151 (1995, 1997 both to Schering)
【Usage】

Orally active triazole antifungal.

Biomedical Effects and Toxicity

【Pharmacological Action】
- Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
- Agents destructive to the protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA.
【Therapeutic Uses】
Mesh Heading: Antibiotics, antifungals, trypanocidal agents
MEDICATION: Antifungal; Orally activated triazole antifungal
The pharmacokinetics of posaconazole oral suspension in neutropenic patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation were evaluated, and the association of plasma posaconazole exposure with the presence and severity of oral mucositis was explored in this nonrandomized, open-label, parallel-group, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study. Thirty patients were enrolled and received one of three regimens (group I, 200 mg once daily; group II, 400 mg once daily; group III, 200 mg four times daily) for the duration of neutropenia. The mean total exposure for day 1, as shown by the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)), was 1.96 mg . h/liter in group I and was 51% higher in group II and in group III. Increases in AUC(0-24) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) in groups II and III were dose related. The AUC(0-24) and C(max) values on day 1 were similar between groups II and III. There was interpatient variability of up to 68% in the pharmacokinetic values for our study population. Steady state was attained by days 5 to 6. Average steady-state plasma posaconazole trough values were 192, 219, and 414 ng/ml in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The AUC(0-24) and apparent oral clearance increased by increasing dose and dosing frequency. Mucositis appeared to reduce exposure but did not significantly affect mean total posaconazole exposure (AUC and C(max)) at steady state (P = 0.1483). Moreover, this reduction could be overcome by increasing the total dose and dosing frequency. Posaconazole was safe and well tolerated. [Gubbins PO et al; Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 (6): 1993-9 (2006)]
【Biomedical Effects and Toxicity】
Kinetics and protein binding following oral posaconazole dosing were performed in neutropenic infected mice. Peak levels and AUC from 0 hr to infinity values were nonlinear over the 16-fold dose range studied. Serum drug elimination half-life ranged from 12.0 to 17.7 hr [Andes D et al; Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (1): 137-42 (2004)] PubMed Abstract
The suspension formulation of posaconazole was associated with enhanced systemic exposure and increased relative bioavailability compared with the tablet. Food substantially enhanced the rate and extent of posaconazole absorption in healthy subjects.
A total of 103 healthy adults were enrolled in two phase I trials. Each study had a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design with a rising single-dose (RSD) or rising multiple-dose (RMD) scheme. In the RSD study, subjects received single doses of posaconazole oral tablets (50 to 1200 mg) or placebo. In the RMD study, subjects received posaconazole oral tablets (50 to 400 mg) or placebo twice daily for 14 days. By using model-independent methods, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the maximum concentration in plasma were determined and used to assess dose proportionality. In the RSD study, the levels of posaconazole in plasma increased proportionally between the 50- and 800-mg dose range, with saturation of absorption occurring above 800 mg. Dose proportionality was also observed in the RMD study. In both studies, the apparent volume of distribution was large (range, 343 to 1341 liters) and the terminal-phase half-life was long (range, 25 to 31 hr). [Courtney R et al; Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 (9): 2788-95 (2003)] PubMed Abstract
Subjects fasted 12 hours before and 48 hours after the administration of posaconazole oral suspension (800 mg) given as a single dose (regimen A), 400 mg every 12 hours (regimen B) or 200 mg every 6 hours (regimen C). Plasma posaconazole concentrations were determined for 48 hours after the initial dose and subjects completed a 1-week washout period between treatment regimens. A one-compartment oral model with first-order rate of absorption and first-order rate of elimination was fitted to the plasma concentration-time data. Differences in exposure were investigated by allowing the bioavailability fraction to vary among regimens. A total of 18 healthy men were enrolled in and completed the study. : Posaconazole relative bioavailability was estimated to be significantly different among regimens (p PubMed Abstract
Eight healthy male subjects received a single 399-mg (81.7 microCi) oral dose of [(14)C]posaconazole after consuming a high-fat breakfast. Urine, feces, and blood samples were collected for up to 336 h postdose and assayed for total radioactivity; plasma and urine samples were also assayed for parent drug. Posaconazole was orally bioavailable, with a median maximum posaconazole concentration in plasma achieved by 10 h postdose. Thereafter, posaconazole was slowly eliminated, with a mean half-life of 20 h. The greatest peak in the radioactivity profile of pooled plasma extracts was due to posaconazole, with smaller peaks due to a monoglucuronide, a diglucuronide, and a smaller fragment of the molecule. The mean total amount of radioactivity recovered was 91.1%; the cumulative excretion of radioactivity in feces and in urine was 76.9 and 14.0% of the dose, respectively. Most of the fecal radioactivity was associated with posaconazole, which accounted for 66.3% of the administered dose; however, urine contained only trace amounts of unchanged posaconazole. The radioactivity profile of pooled urine extracts included two monoglucuronide conjugates and a diglucuronide conjugate of posaconazole. These observations suggest that oxidative (phase 1) metabolism by cytochrome P450 isoforms represents only a minor route of elimination for posaconazole, and therefore cytochrome P450-mediated drug interactions should have a limited potential to impact posaconazole pharmacokinetics. [Krieter P et al; Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48 (9): 3543-51 (2004)] PubMed Abstract
SCH 56592 is a new broad-spectrum azole antifungal agent that is in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections. The pharmacokinetics of this drug candidate were evaluated following its intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration as a solution in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) or oral administration as a suspension in 0.4% methylcellulose (MC) in studies involving mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys. SCH 56592 was orally bioavailable in all species. The oral bioavailability was higher with the HPbetaCD solution (range, 52 to approximately 100%) than from the MC suspension (range, 14 to 48%) and was higher in mice ( approximately 100% [HPbetaCD] and 47% [MC]), rats ( approximately 66% [HPbetaCD] and 48% [MC]), and dogs (72% [HPbetaCD] and 37% [MC]) than in monkeys (52% [HPbetaCD] and 14% [MC]). In rabbits, high concentrations in serum suggested good oral bioavailability with the MC suspension. The i.v. terminal-phase half-lives were 7 hr in mice and rats, 15 hr in dogs, and 23 hr in monkeys. In rabbits, the oral half-life was 9 hr. In species given increasing oral doses (mice, rats, and dogs), serum drug concentrations were dose related. Food produced a fourfold increase in serum drug concentrations in dogs. Multiple daily doses of 40 mg of SCH 56592/kg of body weight for eight consecutive days to fed dogs resulted in higher concentrations in serum, indicating accumulation upon multiple dosing, with an accumulation index of approximately 2.6. [Nomeir AA et al; Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44 (3): 727-31 (2000)] PubMed Abstract

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