Potassium Chloride

What is potassium chloride?

Potassium is a mineral that is found in many foods and is needed for several functions of your body, especially the beating of your heart.

Potassium chloride is used to prevent or to treat low blood levels of potassium (hypokalemia).

Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting.

Important information

You should not use potassium chloride if you have high levels of potassium in your blood (hyperkalemia), or if you also take a

To be sure potassium chloride is helping your condition, your blood may need to be tested often. Your heart rate may also be checked using an electrocardiograph or ECG (sometimes called an EKG) to measure electrical activity of the heart. This test will help your doctor determine how long to treat you with potassium. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Serious side effects of potassium include uneven heartbeat, muscle weakness or limp feeling, severe stomach pain, and numbness or tingling in your hands, feet, or mouth.

Do not stop taking this medicine without first talking to your doctor. If you stop taking this medicine suddenly, your condition may become worse.

Do not crush, chew, break, or suck on an extended-release tablet or capsule. Swallow the pill whole. Breaking or crushing the pill may cause too much of the drug to be released at one time. Sucking on a tablet can irritate your mouth or throat. Take potassium chloride with food or just after a meal.

Before taking this medicine

You should not use potassium chloride if you are allergic to it, or if:

• you have high levels of potassium in your blood (hyperkalemia); or

• you take a

To make sure this medicine is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ever had:

• kidney disease;

• cirrhosis or other liver disease;

• an adrenal gland disorder;

• a large tissue injury such as a severe burn;

• severe dehydration;

• diabetes;

• heart disease or high blood pressure;

• stomach or intestinal bleeding;

• a blockage in your stomach or intestines; or

• chronic diarrhea (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease).

It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice.

How should I take potassium chloride?

Take potassium chloride exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose.

Read and carefully follow any Instructions for Use provided with your medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you do not understand these instructions.

Take potassium chloride with a full glass of water. Take the medicine with food or just after a meal.

Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Do not crush, chew, or suck on a tablet or capsule. Sucking on the pill could irritate your mouth or throat.

Call your doctor if you have trouble swallowing a potassium chloride capsule or tablet. You may be able to dissolve the tablet in water, or mix the medicine from a capsule with soft food. Carefully follow your doctor's instructions.

Mix the powder form of this medicine with at least 4 ounces (one-half cup) of cold water or fruit juice before taking. Drink the mixture slowly, over 5 to 10 minutes in all. To make sure you get the entire dose, add a little more water to the same glass, swirl gently and drink right away.

To be sure this medicine is helping your condition, you may need frequent blood tests. You may not notice any change in your symptoms, but your blood work will help your doctor determine how long to treat you with potassium chloride. Your heart function may need to be checked using an electrocardiograph or ECG (sometimes called an EKG). Even if you have no symptoms, tests can help your doctor determine if this medicine is effective.

Your treatment may include a special diet. Follow the diet plan created for you by your doctor or nutrition counselor. Get familiar with the list of foods you should eat or avoid to help control your condition.

Potassium-rich foods include: squash, baked potatoes (skin on), spinach, lentils, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, zucchini, kidney or navy beans, raisins, watermelon, orange juice, bananas, cantaloupe, and low-fat milk or yogurt. Consume only the daily amounts recommended by your doctor or nutrition counselor.

Some tablets are made with a shell that is not absorbed or melted in the body. Part of this shell may appear in your stool. This is normal and will not make the medicine less effective.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication in a closed container.

See also: Dosage Information (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include irregular heartbeats, chest pain, or muscle weakness.

What should I avoid while taking potassium chloride?

Avoid taking supplements or using other products that contain potassium without first asking your doctor. Salt substitutes or low-salt dietary products often contain potassium. If you take certain products together you may accidentally get too much potassium. Read the label of any other medicine you are using to see if it contains potassium.

Potassium chloride side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to potassium chloride: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using this medicine and call your doctor at once if you have:

• severe throat irritation;

• stomach bloating, severe vomiting, severe stomach pain;

• high potassium level - nausea, weakness, tingly feeling, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, loss of movement; or

• signs of stomach bleeding - bloody or tarry stools, coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.

Common potassium chloride side effects may include:

• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;

• gas, stomach pain; or

• the appearance of a potassium chloride tablet in your stool.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Side effects (in more detail)

Potassium chloride dosing information

Usual Adult Dose for Hypokalemia:

Oral:
40 to 100 mEq per day, orally, in 2 to 5 divided doses
Maximum single dose: 20 mEq per dose
Maximum daily dose: 200 mEq

Parenteral (must be diluted prior to administration):
Dose and rate of administration are dependent on patient condition

-If serum potassium is 2.5 mEq/L or higher, rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour, and manufacturers recommend that concentration not exceed 40 mEq/L
Maximum daily dose: 200 mEq

-If treatment is urgent (serum potassium less than 2 mEq/L and electrocardiographic changes and/or muscle paralysis), infuse cautiously at up to 40 mEq/hour with continuous cardiac monitoring
Maximum daily dose: 400 mEq
-In critical situations, may administer in saline rather than dextrose (dextrose may lower serum potassium)

Comments:
-Never give injectable potassium chloride undiluted.
-The usual adult dietary intake is 50 to 100 mEq potassium per day.

-Potassium depletion sufficient to cause hypokalemia usually requires the loss of 200 mEq or more of the total body stores of potassium.

Usual Adult Dose for Prevention of Hypokalemia:

Oral:
Typical dose: 20 mEq, orally, daily
-Individualize dose based on serum potassium levels
-Divide dose if more than 20 mEq per day is used

Parenteral (must be diluted prior to administration):
Dose and rate of administration are dependent on patient condition
-If serum potassium is 2.5 mEq/L or higher, rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour, and manufacturers recommend that concentration not exceed 40 mEq/L
Maximum daily dose: 200 mEq

Comments:
-Never give injectable potassium chloride undiluted
-The usual adult dietary intake is 50 to 100 mEq potassium per day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Hypokalemia:

Birth to 16 years:
Oral solution:
Initial dose: 2 to 4 mEq/kg/day, orally, in divided doses
-Limit to 1 mEq/kg or 40 mEq per dose, whichever is lower
Maximum daily dose: 100 mEq

Parenteral (must be diluted prior to administration):
Dose and rate of administration are dependent on patient condition

-If serum potassium is 2.5 mEq/L or higher, rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour, and manufacturers recommend that concentration not exceed 40 mEq/L
Maximum daily dose: 200 mEq

-If treatment is urgent (serum potassium less than 2 mEq/L and electrocardiographic changes and/or muscle paralysis), infuse cautiously at up to 40 mEq/hour with continuous cardiac monitoring
Maximum daily dose: 400 mEq
-In critical situations, may administer in saline rather than dextrose (dextrose may lower serum potassium)

Comments:
-Never give injectable potassium chloride undiluted

Usual Pediatric Dose for Prevention of Hypokalemia:

Birth to 16 years:
Oral solution:
Initial dose: 1 mEq/kg/day, orally
Maximum daily dose: 3 mEq/kg/day

Intravenous (must be diluted prior to administration):
Dose and rate of administration are dependent on patient condition
-If serum potassium is 2.5 mEq/L or higher, rate should not exceed 10 mEq/hour, and manufacturers recommend that concentration not exceed 40 mEq/L
Maximum daily dose: 200 mEq

Comments:
-Never give injectable potassium chloride undiluted

What other drugs will affect potassium chloride?

Tell your doctor about all your current medicines and any you start or stop using, especially:

• a diuretic or

• heart or blood pressure medication.

This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with potassium chloride, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.