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Your Location：Home>Product Center >> Pesticide API and intermediates >> Fenvalerate
  • Fenvalerate
Name:Fenvalerate
CAS No:51630-58-1

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

【Name】
Fenvalerate (4-Chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetic acid cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester)
【CAS Registry number】
51630-58-1
【Synonyms】
Sumicidin
Sumitick
EPA Shaughnessy Code: 109301
Sumifleece
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)-, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
131641-62-8
Agrofen
Sumipower
[cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-butanoate
Furitrothion
(RS)-alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate
Belmark
alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate
Fenvalerate [BSI:ISO]
Aqmatrine
Phenoxin
Fenoxin
Tirade
Gold crest tribute
(Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)phenylacetate)
Phenvalerate
alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate
Fenusa pusillaBirch leaf miner is also indexed at this headingFenval
Insectral
Fenkem
Sanmarton
Sumkidin
Benzeneacetic acid,4-chloro-R-(1-methylethyl)- ,cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alpha-isopropyl-4-chlorophenylacetate
alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate
Sumibac
Ectrin
Pydrin
Cyano(3-phenoxybenzyl)methyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate
Tribute
(+)-alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(+)-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate
Sumicidin 20E
Fenkill
Fenaxin
4-Chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetic acid cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
Fenval
OMS-2000
Sumifly
alpha-Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate
Fenvalerate E.C.
cyano (3-phenoxybenzyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate
Fenvalerate(Shandong Dacheng Pesticide Co., Ltd)
? Fenvalerate
Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate
S-5602
【EINECS(EC#)】
257-326-3
【Molecular Formula】
C25H22ClNO3 (Products with the same molecular formula)
【Molecular Weight】
419.900
【Inchi】
InChI=1S/C25H22ClNO3/c1-17(2)24(18-11-13-20(26)14-12-18)25(28)30-23(16-27)19-7-6-10-22(15-19)29-21-8-4-3-5-9-21/h3-15,17,23-24H,1-2H3
【InChIKey】
NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
【Canonical SMILES】
CC(C)C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)C(=O)OC(C#N)C2=CC(=CC=C2)OC3=CC=CC=C3
【MOL File】
51630-58-1.mol

Chemical and Physical Properties

【Appearance】
A clear viscious yellow liquid
【Density】
1.21 g/cm3
【Boiling Point】
300℃
【Refractive Index】
1.586
【Flash Point】
279.7 °C
【Solubilities】
Solubility at 20 deg c (g/L): acetone >450; chloroform >450; methanol >450; hexane 77
Moderately soluble in a range of organic solvents.
In water, 2.4X10-2 mg/L at 22 deg C (seawater) [Schimmel SC et al; J Agric Food Chem 31: 104-10 (1983)] PubMed Abstract
【Color/Form】
Clear yellow viscous liquid
【Storage temp】
?20°C
【Spectral properties】
Index of refraction: 1.5533 at 20 deg C/D
【Computed Properties】
Molecular Weight:419.90008 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula:C25H22ClNO3
XLogP3:6.2
H-Bond Donor:0
H-Bond Acceptor:4
Rotatable Bond Count:8
Exact Mass:419.128821
MonoIsotopic Mass:419.128821
Topological Polar Surface Area:59.3
Heavy Atom Count:30
Formal Charge:0
Complexity:586
Isotope Atom Count:0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count:0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Feature 3D Acceptor Count:3
Feature 3D Hydrophobe Count:1
Feature 3D Ring Count:3
Effective Rotor Count:8
Conformer Sampling RMSD:1.2
CID Conformer Count:377

Safety and Handling

【Hazard Codes】
T: Toxic;N: Dangerous for the environment;
【Risk Statements】
R25;R36/37/38;R50/53;R57
【Safety Statements 】
S26;S45;S60;S61
【HazardClass】
6.1(b)
【Safety】

Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intracerebral routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Highly toxic to fish and bees. Corrosive, causes eye damage. A skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl?, NOx, and CN?. See also CYANIDE.
Hazard Codes:?ToxicT,DangerousN
Risk Statements: 25-36/37/38-50/53-57
R25 :Toxic if swallowed.?
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.?
R50/53:Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.?
R57:Toxic to bees. 
Safety Statements: 26-45-60-61
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.?
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)?
S60:This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.?
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. 
RIDADR: UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: CY1576350
HazardClass: 6.1(b)
PackingGroup: III

【PackingGroup 】
III
【Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations】
Fenvalerate as technical Pydrin is mildly irritating to the skin, but the emulsifiable concentrate is corrosive.
Eye, skin irritant.
One notable form of toxicity associated with synthetic pyrethroids has been a cutaneous paresthesia observed in workers spraying esters containing alpha-cyano substituent (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate). The paresthesia developed several hours following exposure, being described as a stinging or burning sensation on the skin which, in some cases, progressed to a tingling and numbness, the effects lasting some 12 to 18 hours.
Immediately irritating to the eye. /Pyrethrins/
The chief effect from exposure ... is skin rash particularly on moist areas of the skin. ... May irritate the eyes.
【Cleanup Methods】
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place.
Environmental consideration - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, or cement powder. /Pyrethrins/
Environmental consideration - Water spill: If /pyrethrins/ are dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in the region of 10 ppm or greater concn. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Pyrethrins/
If a spill occurs, clean it up promptly. Don't wash it away. Instead, sprinkle the spill with sawdust, vermiculite, or kitty litter. Sweep it into a plastic garbage bag, and dispose of it as directed on the pesticide product label./Residential uses/
After Applying a Pesticide, Indoors or Outdoors. To remove pesticide residues, use a bucket to rinse tools or equipment three times, including any containers or utensils that you used when mixing the pesticide. Then pour the rinsewater into the pesticide sprayer and reuse the solution by applying it according to the pesticide product label directions. After applying any pesticide wash your hands and any other parts of your body that may have come in contact with the pesticide..To prevent tracking pesticides inside, remove or rinse your boots or shoes before entering your home. Wash any clothes that have been exposed to a lot of pesticide separately from your regular wash. /Residential uses/
【Transport】
UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
【Fire Fighting Procedures】
Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Water foam carbon dioxide powder
Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. /Pyrethrins/
If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.). Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic/
If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
【Fire Potential】
/Pyrethrins/ ... burn with difficulty. /Pyrethrins/
【Formulations/Preparations】
Emulsifiable concentrate, dust, flowable, granules, wettable powder.
Technical grade 90% min of fenvalerate.
An emulsifiable concentrate, marketed as Pydrin 2.4 EC Insecticide, is comprised of 32% technical Pydrin and 68% aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and emulsifiers.
Ectrin 8%
Aqmatrine; Belmark; Ectrin; Evercide 2362; Fenkill; Fenval; Phenvalerate; Pydrin; S-5602; Sanmarton; SD 43775; Sumibac; Sumicidin; Sumifleece; Sumifly; Sumipower; Sumitick; Sumitox; WL 43775
Trade names ... Moscade ... Sumi-five ... Tirade ...
Fenvalerate is also formulated in combination with oxydemeton-methyl ... .
Fenvalerate ... is formulated in emulsifiable concentrates (25-300 g/L), ultra-low volume concentrates (25-75 g/L), dusts, and wettable powder, and is also used in combination with other pesticides (eg, fenitrothion).
Pydrin insecticide (Y-rich) is an isomerically enriched form of fenvalerate containing an excess ratio of the active diastereomers SS and RR (designated Y) over the less active diastereomers RS and SR (designated X) at a ratio of approximately 85:15. Fenvalerate contains Y:X in a ratio of 45:55. ...
SD 92459 contains about 45% of active isomer ... .
CHAMPION SPRAYON INDOOR INSECT FOGGER FORMULA 4: Active Ingredients 1.0% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.2% Tetramethrin & 0.1% Fenvalerate.
SCOTTS HOUSE PLANT INSECT SPRAY: Active Ingredient 0.01% Fenvalerate.
CHINCH BUG CONTROL: Active Ingredient 0.5% Fenvalerate.
SPEER E-Z WAY AUTOMATIC FOGGER: Active Ingredients 0.2% Tetramethrin & 0.4% Fenvalerate.
WORLD CLASS CRAWLING INSECT SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.065% d-trans-Allethrin, 0.200% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.120% Piperonyl butoxide & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
NO MORE VARMINTS RESIDUAL CONTACT SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.40% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.05% Pyrethrins & 0.20% Fenvalerate.
SPEER-IT FOGGER I TOTAL RELEASE FOGGER: Active Ingredients 0.166% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.100% Piperonyl butoxide, 0.050% Pyrethrins & 0.400% Fenvalerate.
SPEER E-Z I RESIDUAL SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.050% d-trans-Allethrin, 0.251% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
HEARTLAND MULTIUSE INSECT FOGGER: Active Ingredients 0.2% Tetramethrin & 0.4% Fenvalerate.
HOLIDAY INDOOR FOGGER II: Active Ingredients 1.0% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 1.0% Piperonyl butoxide & 0.5% Fenvalerate.
F-Q-S CRACK & CREVICE SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.4% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.4% Piperonyl butoxide & 0.2% Fenvalerate.
HOLIDAY YARD SPRAY: Active Ingredients 3.44% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 3.44% Piperonyl butoxide & 1.72% Fenvalerate.
TOTAL RELEASE FOGGER: Active Ingredients 0.167% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.100% Piperonyl butoxide, 0.050% Pyrethrins & 0.400% Fenvalerate.
COUNTRY VET ROACH EMBARGO WITH GROWTH INHIBITOR: Active Ingredients 0.10% Fenvalerate, 0.04% Prallethrin & 0.60% 2-(1-Methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethoxy)pyridine.
CONTACT ROACH AND ANT KILLER VI: Active Ingredients 0.065% d-trans-Allethrin, 0.200% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.120% Piperonyl butoxide & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
CONTACT LAWN SPRAY CONCENTRATE FOR FLEAS: Active Ingredient 1.72% Fenvalerate.
CONTACT ROACH AND ANT KILLER IX: Active Ingredient 0.251% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.050% Pyrethrins & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
CONTACT ORNAMENTAL GYPSY MOTH AND JAPANESE BEETLE SPRAY: Active Ingredients 1.00% Piperonyl butoxide, 0.25% Tetramethrin & 0.10% Fenvalerate.
CONTACT ROACH AND ANT KILLER XI: Active Ingredients 0.050% d-Allethrin, 0.251% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
MISTY FIRE ANT INJECTOR SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.2% Tetramethrin & 0.4% Fenvalerate.
TOTAL RELEASE FOGGER III: Active Ingredients 1.0% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.2% Tetramethrin & 0.1% Fenvalerate.
UNICORN FLEA & TICK LAWN SPRAY NO. 1: Active Ingredient 1.72% Fenvalerate.
UNICORN RTU HOME AND PREMISE SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.40% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.05% Pyrethrins & 0.20% Fenvalerate.
UNICORN ZAP INSECTICIDE: Active Ingredients 0.065% d-trans-Allethrin, 0.200% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.120% Piperonyl butoxide & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
UNICORN FLUSH-OUT SPRAY: Active Ingredients 0.251% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, 0.050% Pyrethrins & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
UNICORN HOUSEHOLD INSECTICIDE II: Active Ingredients 0.050% d-Allethrin, 0.251% N-Octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide & 0.200% Fenvalerate.
UNICORN RESIDUAL SPRAY #4: Active Ingredient 6.88% Fenvalerate.
【DOT Emergency Guidelines】
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Spill or Leak: Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Small spills: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at lease 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Spill or Leak: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, poisonous; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
【Reactivities and Incompatibilities】
Incompatible with alkaline materials.
Incompatibility: Strong oxidizers. /Pyrethrins/
... Incompatible with lime & ordinary soaps because acids & alkalies speed up processes of hydrolysis. /Pyrethrins/
【Other Preventative Measures】
Avoid eye, skin, mouth contact.
SRP: The scientific literature supports the wearing of contact lenses in industrial environments, as part of a program to protect the eye against chemical compounds and minerals causing eye irritation. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases contact lenses should not be worn.
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Wash hands before eating.
Workers should wash: Promptly when skin becomes contaminated. /Pyrethrins/
Work clothing should be changed daily: If it is reasonably probable that the clothing may be contaminated. /Pyrethrins/
Remove clothing: Promptly if it is non-impervious clothing that becomes contaminated. /Pyrethrins/
If /pyrethrins/ are not involved in a fire: keep /pyrethrins/ out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. /Pyrethrins/
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Keep material dry. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic/
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic/
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
Wear the items of protective clothing the label requires: for example, non-absorbent gloves (not leather or fabric), rubber footwear (not canvas or leather), a hat, goggles, or a dust-mist filter. If no specific clothing is listed, gloves, long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and closed shoes are recommended. You can buy protective clothing and equipment at hardware stores or building supply stores. /Residential uses/
Indoor Applications. If the label directions permit, leave all windows open and fans operating after the application is completed. If the pesticide product is only effective in an unventilated (sealed) room or house, do not stay there. Put all pets outdoors, and take yourself any your family away from treated areas for at least the length of time prescribed on the label. Apply most surface sprays only to limited areas such as cracks; don't treat entire floors, walls, or ceilings. Don't let pesticides get on any surfaces that are used for food preparation. Wash any surfaces that may have pesticide residue before placing food on them. /Residential uses/
Indoor Applications. When using total release foggers to control pests, use no more than the amount needed and to keep foggers away from ignition sources (ovens, stoves, air conditioners, space heaters, and water heaters, for example). Foggers should not be used in small, enclosed places such as closets and cabinets or under tables and counters. /Residential uses/
Outdoor Applications. Never apply pesticides outdoors on a windy day (winds higher than 10 mph). Position yourself so that a light breeze does not blow pesticide spray or dust into your face. /Residential uses/
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
【Protective Equipment and Clothing】
Chemical-resistant gloves. Protective eyewear.
Ventilation, local exhaust, or breathing protection. Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Safety goggles, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter. May require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator. May require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus. May require eye protection. /Pyrethrins/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 125 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. May require eye protection. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter. May require eye protection. /Pyrethrins/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 250 mg/cu m: Respirator Classes: Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter. May require eye protection. /Pyrethrins/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 5,000 mg/cu m: Respirator Class: Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Pyrethrins/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Classes: Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full face piece and operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Pyrethrins/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Classes: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Pyrethrins/
Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Pyrethroid pesticide, solid, toxic/
Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/
Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid, toxic/
【Specification】

?Fenvalerate , with CAS number of 51630-58-1, can be called Cyano (3-phenoxybenzyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate ; 4-Chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetic acid cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester ; Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl)benzene acetate ; Belmark ; Ectrin ; Extrin ; Fenkill ; Phenvalerate; Pydrin ; Sumicidin; Sumicide; Sumifly ; Sumipower ; Sumitox . Fenvalerate does not affect plants, but is active for an extended period of time.?Fenvalerate is an insecticide, against a wide range of pests. It is most commonly used to control insects in food, feed and cotton products, for the control of flies and ticks in barns and stables. Fenvalerate is an insecticide of moderate mammalian toxicity. It is most toxic to bees and fish.

【Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient】
log Kow = 6.20
【Report】

Cyanide and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List.

【Disposal Methods】
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Incineration would be an effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed with large amounts of combustible material and contact with the smoke should be avoided. /Pyrethrin products/
Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/
Safe Disposal of Pesticides. The best way to dispose of small amounts of excess pesticides is to use them - apply them - according to the directions on the label. If you cannot use them, ask your neighbors whether they have a similar pest control problem and can use them. If all of the remaining pesticide cannot be properly used, check with your local solid waste management authority, environmental agency, or health department to find out whether your community has a household hazardous waste collection program or a similar program for getting rid of unwanted, leftover pesticides. These authorities can also inform you of any local requirements for pesticide waste disposal. /Residential uses/
Safe Disposal of Pesticides. An empty pesticide container can be as hazardous as a full one because of residues left inside. Never reuse such a container. When empty, a pesticide container should be rinsed carefully three times and the rinsewater thoroughly drained back onto the sprayer or the container previously used to mix the pesticide. Use the rinsewater as a pesticide, following label directions. Replace the cap or closure securely. Dispose of the container according to label instructions. Do not puncture or burn a pressurized container like an aerosol - it could explode. Do cut or puncture other empty pesticide containers made of metal or plastic to prevent someone from reusing them. Wrap the empty container and put it in the trash after you have rinsed it. /Residential uses/

Use and Manufacturing

【Use and Manufacturing】
Methods of Manufacturing

Fenvalerate ... is prepared by the esterification of (2RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid (also known as (2RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovaleric acid, CPIA, or Cl-Vacid) with (alphaRS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol ... .
Fenvalerate can be prepared by esterification of 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde cyanohydrin with 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovaleroyl chloride, or by condensation of 3-phenoxy-alpha-halobenzyl cyanide with the isovaleric acid in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate. More conveniently, fenvalerate can be provided by the Francis reaction using the isovaleroyl chloride, the aldehyde and sodium cyanide.

Biomedical Effects and Toxicity

【Pharmacological Action】
- Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
- Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
【Therapeutic Uses】
MEDICATION (VET): ectoparasiticide
/VET:/ Louse control requires treatment with an effective insecticide or drug ... . A few compounds may be applied as a whole-body spray for lice control. A light, mist application of some formulations may be effective, while others may require soaking the hair to the skin. ... Both swine and sheep may be sprayed with fenvalerate. A low-volume spray of fenvalerate is approved for sheep and nonlactating goats. ... Fenvalerate pour-on is approved for louse control on swine, sheep, and nonlactating goats.
【Biomedical Effects and Toxicity】
Metabolism and bioaccumulation of fenvalerate and its fenvalerate its metabolites in liver, kidney and brain of rat following the oral administration of a sub-lethal dose (15 mg/kg) of the pesticide for 7, 15 and 30 day periods was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in terms of the relative mole concentrations in rat tissues. The cleavage of the ester linkage in fenvalerate yielding two metabolites was found to be primary step in the biodegradation of fenvalerate in rat organs. These metabolites were purified to homogeneity by HPLC and characterized by infra-red spectroscopy as 4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl) benzeneacetic acid and 3-phenoxy benzoic acid. [Misra S and Sharma CB; Biomed Chromatogr 11 (1): 50-3 (1997)] PubMed Abstract
The disposition kinetics of fenvalerate were studied in goats after dermal application of 100 mL of 0.25% (w/v) solution. The insecticide persisted in the blood for 72 hr. The mean (+/- SEM) Vd(area) and apparent t 1/2 (beta) were 9.92 +/- 1.44 L/kg and 17.51 +/- 2.65 hr, while the AUC and ClB values were respectively 82.15 +/- 7.40 ug hr/mL and 0.56 +/- 0.05 L/(kg hr). Four days after the dermal application, the highest concentration of fenvalerate residues was found in the adrenal gland, followed by the biceps muscle, omental fat, liver, kidney, lung and cerebrum in that order. Fenvalerate caused hyperglycaemia but had no effect on serum protein and cholesterol levels. Serum acetylcholinesterase activities were increased after 24 hr but were below the initial values from 48 to 120 hr. [Mandal TK et al; Vet Res Commun 20 (3): 265-72 (1996)] PubMed Abstract
Poorly absorbed through rabbit skin.
Elimination from body fat is slow, with a half-life of 7-10 days; elimination from brain is less slow, with a half-life of 2 days, presumably due to the more effective perfusion of brain and the presence of esterases in brain tissue.
Dermal penetration of pesticides. Compound: Fenvalervate; species: mouse; Application site: dermal; solvent: acetone; Penetration parameter: 9%, 2 hr; Method: patch. /From table/
In mammals, following oral administration, fenvalerate is rapidly metabolized. Up to 96% is excreted in the feces within 6-14 days.
An in vivo rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) preparation was used to evaluate the gill uptake and toxicokinetics of (3)H fenvalerate ((R,S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (R,S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Fish were exposed to technical grade fenvalerate (0.28 or 23 ng/L) or an emulsifiable-concentrate formulation (16 ng/L) for 36 to 48 hr. No significant effects of emulsifiers or fenvalerate concentration on uptake were observed. The overall mean gill uptake efficiency was determined to be 28.6%. Following 8 hr to 48 hr depuration periods, carcass and bile contained 80 to 90 percent and 10 to 20 percent of the gill-absorbed doses, respectively. Analysis of biliary metabolites indicated that the glucuronide of 4'-HO-fenvalerate was the only significant degradation product. Results from the present study suggest that efficient gill uptake does not explain the extreme sensitivity of fish to fenvalerate. Rather, a low rate of biotransformation and excretion may play a significant role in the susceptibility of rainbow trout to the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides.
Four rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) died within 11 hours when exposed to 412 ug fenvalerate/litre. ... Fenvalerate concentrations in brain, liver, and carcass at death were 0.16, 3.62, and 0.25 mg/kg, respectively. ...
Using tracer technique of (14)C isotope, toxicokinetics of fenvalerate was studied in rats and mice. The results strongly suggested the existence of distinct differences between species in mammals in the metabolites of (14)C fenvalerate. The absorption and elimination of (14)C fenvalerate in the blood of mice following single intragastric administration was faster than that of the rats. The plasma and brain of animals have greater affinity for (14)C fenvalerate. The absorption of fenvalerate was faster and the biological half-time was longer in brain. (14)C Fenvalerate and its metabolites were mainly eliminated through urine and fenvalerate can partially be stored in the skin and the hair of animals. [Gong ZC; Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih 24 (5): 277-80 (1990)] PubMed Abstract
Three lactating cows were fed (14)C-(acid-labelled)-fenvalerate at a dose level of 0.11 mg/kg diet daily for 21 days and sacrificed 12 hr after receiving the last dose. The recovery of (14)C in the milk was less than 1% and the levels ranged from 
Following the single oral administration of fenvalerate, labelled with (14)C in the carbonyl of the acid moiety ((14)CO) and the benzylic carbon ((14)Calpha), to male rats (7-30 mg/kg body weight), the radiocarbon from the acid and alcohol moieties was rapidly and completely excreted ... . The tissue residues were generally very low, except for those in the fat. The total recovery of (14)C in urine, feces, and expired air was 93-99% in 6 days. However, on dosing with (14)CN-labelled fenvalerate, the radiocarbon derived from the CN group was excreted relatively slowly into the urine and feces, and a considerable amount (10%) of the radiocarbon was also excreted as CO2. Total recovery of (14)C in urine, feces, and expired air was 75-81% in 6 days in this case. The tissue residue levels were generally higher than those from the acid and alcohol moieties. Hair, skin, and stomach contents showed high residue levels, due to retention as (14)C-thiocyanate. These excretion and tissue residue patterns for the radiocarbon from the CN group were similar to those with (14)C dosed as KCN and KSCN in male rats ... .
Pydrin insecticide (Y-rich) is an isomerically enriched form of fenvalerate containing an excess ratio of the active diastereomers SS and RR (designated Y) over the less active diastereomers RS and SR (designated X) at a ratio of approximately 85:15. Fenvalerate contains Y:X in a ratio of 45:55. Following a single oral dose of the Y-rich insecticide (8.4 mg/kg) to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, more than 90% of the administered radioactivity from the acid moiety (chlorophenyl-(14)C) and the alcohol moiety (phenoxyphenyl-(14)C) was eliminated within the first 24 hr. There was no major difference between the two different fenvalerate preparations in either the elimination rate or the metabolites distribution profile. Cleavage of the ester linkage was the primary metabolic pathway. The acid and alcohol portions of the parent molecule underwent hydroxylation, oxidation, and conjugation. These metabolic reactions were not dependent on the isomeric composition of the test material. Tissue residue data showed that (14)C residues were not retained in the various organs ... . /Pydrin insecticide (Y-rich)/
Following a single oral administration of the four chiral isomers of (14)C-chlorophenyl]-fenvalerate to Sprague-Dawley rats and ddY mice (2.5 mg/kg body weight), the (2R, alphaS) isomer showed, in both rats and mice, relatively greater residues in the analyzed tissues (except fat), particularly in adrenal glands, compared with the other three isomers. Similarly, this isomer showed higher tissue concentrations than the other isomers when mice were fed a diet containing 500 mg/kg of the (2S, alphaS), (2R, alphaS), or (2R, alphaR) isomers for two weeks. The greater amount of radioactive residues from the administration of (2R, alphaS) isomer, as compared with those of other isomers, was explained by the preferential formation of a lipophilic metabolite from the (2R, alphaS) isomer found in all examined tissues, which was not easily excreted. The amounts of the lipophilic metabolite differed among tissues, being higher in adrenal, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes. This metabolite was identified as cholesteryl (2R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate. The presence of the same metabolite was also indicated in rat tissues ... .
Two 3-month-old lambs were fed a diet containing 45 mg/kg fenvalerate for 10 days and then killed to determine the concentrations of fenvalerate in the kidney, liver, leg muscle, and renal fat ... . Among the analyzed tissues, fat showed the highest fenvalerate level (3.6-4.4 mg/kg dry weight) while other tissues contained less than 0.3 mg/kg. Fenvalerate gave two gas chromatographic peaks and each peak contained a pair of its enantiomers. In all cases, the ratio of the areas of these peaks (peak 1 (RS,SR)/peak 2 (SS,RR)) was 1.08 both for fenvalerate in the diet and for fenvalerate recovered from the fortified control fat. In contrast, the fenvalerate isolated from lamb fat had a peak area ratio of 0.76-0.78. Thus,one or both of the first eluting enantiomers appeared to be metabolized more rapidly than the other enantiomers.
... Two Holstein cows were fed fenvalerate at 5 and 15 mg/kg diet for 4 days and were then given a clean diet for 6 days. Total excretion of fenvalerate in milk amounted to 0.44 and 0.64% of the total dose for the 5 and 15 mg/kg levels, respectively, whereas about 25% of the dose was eliminated in the feces.
... A single oral dose of fenvalerate (10 mg/kg body weight) /was given/ to chickens and monitored the persistence and distribution of the insecticide over 15 days. A concentration of 4.7 mg/litre in blood after 24 hr fell to 0.05 mg/litre after 7 days. Levels in other tissues reached maxima of less than 1.0 mg/kg and fell rapidly. However, brain residues rose to a level of 4.0 mg/kg over 7 days and persisted for the 15 days of the experiment. Concentrations in eggs reached a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg yolk after 4 to 5 days, and a maximum of 0.24 mg/kg egg white. By day 6, levels had returned to the pre-dosing level.
Fenvalerate is taken up readily by aquatic organisms and rapidly reaches, within the organism, a plateau level related to the water concentration of the pyrethroid. Loss of fenvalerate from organisms is rapid when they are transferred to uncontaminated water. There is no suggestion of biomagnification in food chains.
When juvenile Atlantic salmon were exposed to static water containing 0.8-9.3 ug fenvalerate/L for 16-96 hr, the concentration of fenvalerate in dead fish ranged from 0.16 to 0.43 mg/kg. The insecticide was not detected (detection limit: 5 ug/kg) either in dead lobster hepatopancreas or in dead shrimps ... .
... Carp, snails, Daphnia, and algae were exposed to fenvalerate in an aquatic model ecosystem where (14)C-(2S, alphaRS) fenvalerate (0.3 mg/kg) was applied to the bottom sandy loam soil. During a 30-day run, concentrations of fenvalerate in the water were 0.35-0.63 ug/litre and 0.14- 0.21 ug/litre on days 7 and 30, respectively. The bioconcentration factors for fenvalerate were 122, 617, 683, and 477 on day 7 (162-300, 993-1110, 629-829, and 714-1180 on day 30) in carp, snails, Daphnia, and algae, respectively. ... /(2S, alphaRS) Fenvalerate/
Following an oral dose of 8.4 mg/kg bw to male rats, excretion was approximately equally divided between the urine and the feces. The 4'-hydroxy fenvalerate metabolite was excreted in the feces only, but for the other major metabolites there were only quantitative differences between the two routes of excretion. At this dose very little fenvalerate was excreted unchanged and excretion of CO2 accounted for 
Metabolism in dogs was studied with ((14)C-chlorophenyl)- or ((14)C-phenoxybenzyl)-fenvalerate administered as a single oral dose of 1.7 mg/kg bw, dissolved in corn oil, in gelatine capsules. Excreta and blood were collected daily for 3 days and analysed for radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. Elimination of radioactivity was rapid and occurred primarily via the urine and feces. Three days after dosing, 32% and 56% of the ((14)C-chlorophenyl)-fenvalerate and 37% and 42% of the ((14)C-phenoxybenzyl)-fenvalerate had been eliminated in urine and feces, respectively. More total radioactivity was recovered in animals given ((14)C-chlorophenyl)-fenvalerate than in those given ((14)C-phenoxybenzyl)-fenvalerate, and the half-lives were 1 day and 0.7 day, respectively. The maximum concentration of radioactivity in blood (approximately 1 ug/mL) was attained 2 hr after dosing. The concentration of radioactivity decreased rapidly in more than two phases. The blood concentration 80 hr after dosing was

Environmental Fate and Exposure Potential

【Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary】
A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 4.6X10-3 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to half-lives of 48 years and 5 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(1). Research indicates that hydrolysis of pyrethroid compounds is restricted to alkaline pH and generally results in polar products such as acids and aldehydes; these are expected to be more soluble than the neutral parent compounds(2). The alkaline hydrolysis rate constant fenvalerate (optical isomer) in 1:1 dioxane water at 25 deg C was measured as 0.182 L/mol-sec(3) which corresponds to respective half-lives of 440 days, 44 days and 4.4 days at pHs of 7, 8 and 9(SRC); the alkaline hydrolysis rate constant in 1:1 dioxane water at 20 deg C was measured as 0.149 L/mol-sec(3). Pyrethroids absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore fenvalerate may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Photodegradation in UV light yields 3-phenoxybenzoyl cyanide and 3-phenoxybenzyl cyanide(4). Photodegradation half-lives ranging from 1.8 to approximately 18 days on three Japanese soils exposed to September outdoor sunlight conditions have been reported(5). Also reported are photodegradation half-lives of 14 days, 2-4 days, and 8 days on kidney bean leaf, spring wheat leaf, and cotton leaf, respectively(5).
In a seawater solution study, fenvalerate had an 8 day half-life when exposed to sunlight, but a half-life greater than 14 days under no-sunlight conditions(1). Photodegradation of one isomer of fenvalerate (S,S-isomer) on thin films of intact soil, clay minerals and humic acid was examined by irradiation with a xenon lamp (wavelengths > 300 nm)(2); in all cases, irradiation increased the degradation rates of fenvalerate as follows (half-life in days with light; half life in days in dark)(2): upland soil (100.0; 138.2), kaolinite (7.8; 391.2), montmorillonite (68.3; 553.4), humic acid (80.6; 150.8); the dominant photodegradation reactions were hydration of the cyano group and ether cleavage in the alcohol moiety(2). Fenvalerate in various solutions (hexane, methanol, acetonitrile-water) degraded rapidly (16-18 min half-lives) when exposed to strong laboratory irradiation of > 290 nm(3); thin films of fenvalerate on glass exhibited an initial photodegradation half-life of 4 days when exposed to sunlight(3).

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